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 CAUSE & EFFECT Module1

1.1 Precius water
Condittional Type 0: If/When + simple present    

• If/When you heat water, it boils.
• If river water moves in the same direction for long enough, it makes valleys in the earth.
• When the sun is out, it hetas the water in the ocean. 

1.2 Space

Simple Present: Spelling rules 

•  most verbs + -s I sleep - he sleeps
• verbs in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o, + -es I miss - he misses
• consonant + y(/) + -ies I study - he studies
• vowel + y + -s I play - he plays

1.3 Bad habits

Conditional Type 0:

• If Lura goes to bed late, she wakes up in a bad mood.
• If I work out, I sleep well. 
• If people cough without covering their mouths, it disgusts me. 

1.4 Our planet

Conditional type 1: if + simple present- will + base form of main verb

• If we keep cutting down trees, animals will lose their habitat
• Animals will lose their habitat if we keep cutting down trees. 

Note: Unless=if not

• Unless we stop cutting down trees, animals will lose their habitats.
• If we don't stop cutting down trees...

1.5 Be active

Will: We use will for: 

• On-the-spot decisions: I'm tired. I'll take a nap.
• Predictions based on what we know: You'll lose weight with this workout.
• Promises, offers, threats, hopes: I promes you'll feel better right away.

1.6 Great animals

Simple present: 

• for habits/routines: He works in a zoo. He gets up at 6 and feeds the animals.
• for timetables: The zoo opens at 9 pm.
• for permanent states & facts: James has blue eyes. Cows eat grass.

Present progressive: 

• for actions happening now/around the time of speaking: Tina is feeding the animals now. She is working hard these days.
• temporary situations: Tina is working in a zoo for the summer.

 

1.8 Weather patterns

Intetions & arrangements

• He's playing tennis later.
• He's going to buy a new racket.
• Steve is playing soccer with his friends on Monday. He's buying a new pair of athletic shoes 

1.9 Health

The imperative: 

• We use imperative to give advice instructions or direct orders. Open your mouth. To sound more polite, we can use please. Sit down please. 

REMEMBER 

• We use don't + base form of the verb to make a negative imperative. Don't touch these wires. 
• We can use imperative in the main clause inconditional type 1 to give advice or instructions. If you burn your tongue while driking tea, put some salt on it. 

1.10 What does your future hold? 

Joining ideas: We use too, both, and as well to join similar ideas.

• Both Sue and Sam want to study at the university. Sue wants to study at the university, Sam wants to study at a university to/as well

We use whereas, but to join oposite ideas

• Sue wants to live in an apartment, whereas Sam wants to live on a farm.